Cultural studies - workshop by Dr. Kalyani vallath

Cultural studies - workshop by Dr. Kalyani vallath

Hello readers!

                              Hear is my blog about cultural studies workshop by Dr. Kalyani vallath. Kalyani Ma'am is come from kerala for teaching at the Department of English. It was really faithful session. We enjoyed learning throughout the day and gain alot of knowledge about cultural studies.

                            We have cultural studies as a paper in our syllabus and also as we know now cultural studies is included in Net_examination. So the clarification and the guidelines are more important. So that clarification is given by Ma'am. She had talked about many points that is very unknown for me.

* what is your understanding about the concept of cultural studies? 

                            About my understanding on cultural studies. Our culture is so different than other culture. How relate cultural studies with literature is very important in cultural studies. Cultural studies provide us with invaluable skills in writing. Thinking and expression. It was truly a dynamic effective and energetic day where we learned the most valuable lessons from cultural studies and had a vigorous discussion with Dr. Kalyani Ma'am.

* How would you explain a layman about cultural studies? 

                                    I would explain to a layman about cultural studies. So i will give a very simple example which example is given by Dr kalyani medam in the session. In the kerala most people are non vegetarians, so people are cut goats and other animals and they are eating and also drink it's blood because of poverty. But not all people of kerala eat and drink the blood of animals.

* If you are asked in interview to teach cultural studies - How would you introduce it. 

                      If I asked in interview to teach cultural studies than I introduce it in very simple manner. I asked some basic questions about cultural studies. And I introduce it with very simple examples. How cultural studies engage with literature and day to day life.

* How many examples from the sessions were so catchy that you will never forget it? 

                       Kalyani Ma'am gave very easy example for understanding us. I am sure that we all remain forever. In whole day we got many information about culture like how to deal with different culture, what matters for culture, human perspective etc. Main gave example like, high - class people and uper class people.

* Anything else..

                       We Hartly thankful to Dr. Kalyani _vallath Ma'am for coming in English Department and giving us a new way to thinking and giving us a broad horizon to think about cultural studies. We also thankful to Dr. Dilip Barad sir for arranging this workshop.

                       Thank you so much Dilip Barad sir for this wonderful certificate.

                                Thank you......

Shashi Tharoor's An Era Of Darkness

Shashi Tharoor's An Era Of Darkness

Hello readers!

    

                           Welcome to my blog, I would like to write blog on the famous book An Era of Darkness written by shashi Tharoor. This blog task is given by Dilip Barad sir, Department of English MKBU university Bhavnagar.

About the author :

                            Shashi Tharoor is born on 9 March 1956. He is an Indian politician writer and a former international diplomat. Who is currently serving asmember of Parliament, lok sabha from Thiruvananthapuram, kerla, since 2009.he also serves as chairman of the parliamentary standing committee on Information Technology. And All India professional Technology.

                            Tharoor is an acclaimed writer, having authored 18 bestselling work of fiction and non - fiction since 1981, which are centred on India and its history, culture, film, politics, society, foreign policy, and more related theames. Shashi Tharoor gets sahitya academic Award for his book "An Era of Darkness" in a non-fiction category in English language lets see about the book 'The Era of Darkness'. The British Empire in India. 

Era of Darkness :

     
                        Shashi Tharoor's latest, An Era of Darkness, is one breathless read. In it, he aggregates all the arguments required to establish that British colonial rule was an awful experience for indians and he does so with a consummate debater's skill. His book is,in fact, an expanded take on British exploitation of india that famously carried the day for Tharoor in an carried the day for Tharoor in an Oxford debate not too long ago.

                      Tharoor is an excellent orator, well-spoken, warm and articulate, his Cambridge university speech inspired this book. What is surprising is or, on reflection, perhaps not, is an greater a orator as Tharoor is, his writing style, although well-research and engaing, is didactic and lacks the elegance of his vocal abilities, some of his puns lose their verve without  the cadence of his voice, some of his homities become slightly.

                         This is not an academic text and there is no way that Tharoor can cover over two hundred years of history in detail in a book this size and nor does he attempt to do so. He does point the reader to where these sources can be found. As can be imagined there were screams of outrange in the British press. One hilarious example is an article im history Today which while recognizing famine and massacre, criticizes.

                         Actually we are the future of this nation who is locked in a room and what our system teaches us is looking at our past through a peephole. The fault is not completely of the system we are also not interested in our past. We are the generation who are creating a future without having any idea of our past.

                            In his latest book shashi Tharoor dared to divide the grey zone clearly into black and white. With great research and the arguments which the author about how a country which was far behind us came to our nation and changed our nation forever.

                               I have not read this book but heard his panel discussions on this book. His views regarding the plunder and pillaging caused by the British rule are accurate he has done through research supported by statistics. He gives us a true insight about the dark side of the East India company. Their main objective was to rampage and loot us so that we could fill the conffers of britaniat.

Speech at Oxford Union 

Looking Back us the British Raj in india. The university of Edinburgh 

Exclusive interview By karan Thapar on his Book "An Era of Darkness". 

About British colonialism in India his new Book 'An Era of Darkness' 

 

                There is some videos about shashi Tharoor's interview about his book ' An Era of Darkness' watch this video and give manny information about the 'Era of Darkness' book by shashi Tharoor.

                                                       Thank you.. 

Death in literature : john keats

Death in literature : John keats

Hello readers!

                           This Thinking Activity given by Pro, heenaba Zala. Department of English Bhavnagar University. I would like to sher my point of view on death. And wrote about the famous poet john keats.

John keats 

                       John keats was an English Romantic poet. He was one of the main figures of the second generation of Romantic poets, along with Lord Byron and P. B. Shelley, despite his works having been in publication for only four years before his death from the age of 25.

Keats popular poems:

" ode on melancholy"
"ode on a Grecian urn"
"ode to Autuman"
"ode to Nightingale"
"La Belle Damesanse mercy"
"Imitation of spenser"
"Hyperion"
" Isabella".

                          John keats is a paragon figure in the realm of English Romantic poetry. He weres this mantle mostly for the virtusity of his language, but his untimely death-from tuberculosis, at 25 years old and in the prime of his writing life certainly plays a role in his reputation of "Romantic" poet.

* Death in literature

What is death?
       
                             Death is the end of a life in an organism. All biological and living activity of the living thing stop, including the mind and the senses. The single for death in humans and many other animals is that the heart stops beating and cannot be restarted. Death of humans id often investigated for the cause, in case of crime, accident or disease that mau continue to kill other humans.

                       When people talk about things or events that lead to the death of a plant or animal, those things or events are usually described as being deadly, or fatal.

*Why has keats been "half in love" with death in keats" "ode to a Nightingale"?

                         In ode to Nightingale keats wishes to be like the Nightingale because it has not worry or no concept of mortality. Keats was always painfull aware of death. He feared dying at a young age. In the second stanza of this poem, he speaks of an escape from this awfull awareness, asking for a "draught of uintage" so that he might...


" Darkling I listen;and for many timd.
                 I have been half in love with easful death... 
Still woulest thou sing, and I have ears in vain
                  To they high requiem become a sod. 


                              In this stanza the poet is so much feel with esstatic delight by the song of the Nightingale that he thinks it to be the most appropriate moment to die, keats says he has an instinative attraction for death, because death would end all his troubles. Death would soothe him. So that I believe this is the best time of embrace death.

                  Thank you...... 

Vinod joshi :- Indian poetics

Vinod joshi : Indian poetics

Hello readers!
   
                        Hear I would like to write blog on the famous Gujarati poet vinod joshi. This task given by Dr. Dilip Barad sir,HOD of English Dipartment Maharaja Krishna kumar sinh ji Bhavnagar university. The session of vonod sir's lacture.

Vinod joshi's biography 

                             Vinod joshi is a post modern Gujarati poet, and critic from Gujarat,India. His notable works including parantu, a collection of geets (lyric poetry) shikhandi, a long narrative poem based on shikhandi, character from the mahabharata, radio natak, swarup and siddhant (radio drama: from and theory and abridged PHd thesis). Tundikundika, a from of padyavarta, a gujarati mdieval literary genre (1987),and zalar vage zothadi, a collection of poem (1987).

Indian poetics 

                Western poetics to Gujarati, study and that's why to has introduced to PG parts.

                Indian poetics is used in the context of sanskrit poetics. Poetics is mainly concerned with the effects of poetry in the mind of the man of literary taste and examine certain mental states.

Seven school of Indian poetics :

(1) The school of Rasa - ભરત મુનિ

(2) The school of Dhavni - આનંદ વર્ધન

(3)The school of vakrokti - કુંતક

(4) The school of Riti - વામન

(5)The school of Alankar - ભામાહ

(6) The school of auchitya - ક્ષેmendr

(7) The school of guna/Dosa - દાંડીવ

સ્થાયી ભાવો 

श्रृंगार, करुणा वीर 

             रुद्र हास्य भयानका

 विभत्साद भुत शांतय

              नव नाटये रसा: समृता।

            

           

રિતી- शृंगार                                         

                                                   

 શોક - કરુણા      ભય - ભયાનક 


ઉત્સાહ - વીર       જુગુપસા - બિભત્સ


ક્રોધ - રુદ્ર              વિસ્મય - અદભુત 


હાસ - હાસ્ય           શમ - શાંત 

અલંકારીકો

(1) ભટ્ટ લોલટ
(2) શ્રી શંકુક
(3) ભટ્ટ નાયક
(4) અભિનવ ગુપ્ત

શબ્દ શક્તિ

અભિધા:- સીધો અર્થ

લક્ષણા:- નજીક નો અર્થ

વ્યંજના :- સીધો અર્થ મળે પણ અન્ય અથ લેવાનો હોય

    મમટ કહે છે કે વ્યંજના સૈથી ચડીયાતી છે લક્ષણા વિશિષ્ટ શક્તિ છે. મમટે લક્ષણા ના છ પકાર પાડયા છે.

ધ્વનિ સંપ્રદાય

(1) વસ્તુ ધ્વનિ 
(2) અલંકાર ધ્વનિ 
(3) રસ ધ્વનિ 

વસ્તુ ધ્વનિ :- જમા વિચાર મુખ્ય હોય
દા. ત. આજે તમે બહુ વહેલા આવ્યા

અલંકાર ધ્વનિ :- અલંકાર વપરાયેલો હોય (કટાક્ષ)
દા. ત. ચાંદો નીચોવી અમે વાટકા ભયા
         એને મોગરા કળી ભરી હરાવ્યા

રસ ધ્વનિ :- ભાવ કેન્દ્ર મા હોય
દા. ત. મેરે  પીયા મે કછુ નહિ જાનૂ
          મે તો ચુપ ચુપ ચાહુ

          વસ્તુ ધ્વનિ વિચિત્ર છે
          અલંકાર ધ્વનિ વિચિત્ર છે
         રસ ધ્વનિ અલૌકિક છે

वक्रोक्ति 

               અમે વળી ને જોયું અને તમે મળ્યાં
               વળાંક ગલી નો હોય કે પછી નજરુ નો વાક...
       શબ્દ અને અથઁ ને આધારે જ કાવ્ય ના સૌદર્ય નો અનુભવ થાય.

          હાથ મા છે તોય કાબુ બહાર છે
          ભાગ્ય રેખાઓ નો કેવો ભાર છે...
       
           વરસાદડો તો પહેલૂ થી જ છે વાયડો
           ટીપે ટીપે મને દબડાવે
           જાણે કે એ મારૂ બૈરૂ ને હુ એનો ભાયડો...

वक्रोक्ति ના 6 પ્રકાર પડ્યા છે

(1) वर्ण विन्यास वक्रता
(2) पद पूर्वार्ध वक्रता
(3) पद पराध वक्रता
(4) वाक्य वक्रता
(5) प्रकरण वक्रता
(6) पबंध वक्रता 

 અલંકારો 
                   અલંકાર નૈસર્ગિક નથી અલંકાર અનિિવાર્ય નથી અલંકાર નો મહીમા છે. અને સાહિત્ય મા જરૂરી છે. વ્યક્તિમતા સાાથે જોડાયેેલી છે. અલંકાર શાસ્ત્રી છે. અલંંકા હમેશા કાવ્ય મા ઓગળી ગયેલો હોવો જોઈએ.

कुछ नहि करते फीर भी कीया करते है।
जीदगी नही जीते फीर भी जीया करते हैं।

                                            Thank you....

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 

Hello readers!

                            This blog task related to well known author chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. This task given by Dilip Barad sir in our thinking activity.

                            Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie born 15 September 1977.she is a Nigerian writer whose works range from novels to short stories to notification. She was described in the Times Literary supplement as " the most prominent" of a " procession of critically acclaimed young anglophone authors is succeding in attracting a new generation of readers to African literature.

                                 Adichie was born in the city of Enugu in Nigeria, and grew up as the fifth of six children in an 1960 family in the university town of Nsukka in Enugu state. While she was growing up, her father jumes Nwoye Adichie was a professor of statistics at the university of Nigaria. In an interview published in the financial Times in july 2016.Adichie revealed that she had a baby daughter. In a profiel of Adichie, published in the new yorker in june 2018.

                        In this video chimamanda Ngozi Adichie tolls about the denger of single story and the argues inherent in the"all young American men are serial killers and author things that generation dominant, culture, stereotypes, society.

                           So, my opinion is that she talks about this view something is became in society. Thus the culture is good.


(2) we should all be Feminist 

                                 After the watching video I like this video and she tells about faminist.

                             What is faminist :- Being a faminist means that you fight for the equality of all people its import that your feminism id intersectional, it sould not exclude people based on their gender, race, socioeconomic status, ability or sexual orientation.

               A woman can do everything and she always, struggling in life and not seft in the society.

Example :- sita in Ramayana,Draupadi in Mahabharata, and some of the movie like Akira, pink, Mardani, marry come, Rani padmavati etc.

(3) Talk on importance of Truth in post Truth era. 

                In this video she talks about importance of Truth in post Truth era.

   
                            Post truth is a philosophical and political concept that refers to "the disappearance of shared objective standards for truth" and the"crircutions slippage between facts or alt facts.

                    While the term post - truth is relatively recent, the concept can be traced back to earlier moral epistemic and political debates about relativisam.

                    Post truth politics is a political culture in which debate is a framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the details of policy, and by the repeated assertion of talking point.

                     Thank you....

I.A.Richard : verbal analysis of the poem

I.A.RICHARD : VERBAL ANALYSIS OF THE POEM

Hello readers!

                                       Hear in this blog I am going to verbal analysis of film song lyrics. As a thinking activity we have selact one poem, song, devotional song or any poetic expression for verbal analysis. According to the I. A. Richard's essay on figurative language.


                        I selact one Bollywood hindi movies song.Shaitan ka shala lyrics in Hindi from movie Houseful 4 sung by vishal Dadlani, The song is written by Farhad samji and composed by sohail Sen. Starring Akshay kumar. Ritesh Deshmukh, Bobby Deol, kriti Sanon, pooja Hegde, music label T-series.

બાલા બાલા શૈતાન કા સાલા
બાલા બાલા રાવન ને હૈ પાલા
બાલા બાઈ શૈતાન કા સાલા
બાલા બાલા રાવન ને હૈ પલા

સબ kahein મુઝે શૈતાન કા saala
બાલા બાલા બાલા બાલા
Looto looto looto looto
Japta હૂં માલા
બાલા બાલા બાલા બાલા

સબ કહાં મુઝે શૈતાન કા સાલા
બાલા બાલા બાલા બાલા
લોગ બોલેં બાલા ક્યા ચીઝ હૈ સાલા
બાલા બાલા બાલા બાલા

લોગ બોલેં બાલા “ક્યા
ચીઝ હૈ સાલા” રાવન ને હૈ પલા
બોલેઇન બેટી મૌસી ખલા

ગોર સે ગોર કા મુન્હ કર્તા હૂં કા કા
ખુદ કી દિવાળી aરો કા કા દિવાલા

બાલા બાલા બાલા છીચોરી પાઠશાલા બાલા બાલા નાલા
પરથી ઉતર્યા

બાલા બાલા તે
બરાબર છે

બાલા ..

ખાતા હૂં મુખ્ય મુરગા દાળ કે મસાલા
ગરીબન કે મુન સે મુખ્ય છીનમ મુખ્ય નિવાલા
બાલા બાલા બાલા પલાલા પટિયાલા
બાલા બાલા બાલા બાલા નાળામાંથી ઉતરી

બાલા બાલા

બાલા બાલા શૈતાન કા સાલા
બાલા બાળા છીચોરી પાઠશાલા
બાલા બાલા શૈતાન કા સાલા

બાલા બાલા એરે રાવન ને હૈ પલા
બાલા બાઈ શૈતાન કા સાલા
બાલા બાલા છિચોરી પાઠશાળા
       

                       

      This song is a satirical song. Bala is a main character of movie. He was bald. But in the song the word bala used often so it's kind of confusing. This songs lyric is very satirical. Bala is very naughty character in this movie.
   
            Bald, Evil, Brother in law The first question raise in the following song in that is bala. Bala is bald. Song is very complicated their is difine bala is Evil Brother in law. That is the clear lyric is very satire. This song is not meaning full thier is only way to satirical.

                                                 Thank you....

Thinking Activity mary shelly & jane austen

Thinking Activity : Mary shelly & jane Austen

Hello readers...

                         My blog is related to the age of romanticism or 19th century literature. At the Department of English, many new learning methods are accepted. Through The audio visual presentation, students can learn thing tremendous fast. In order to understand the present topic. This task given by vaidehi Hariyani madam. As part of group activity.

Jane Austen & mary shelly:

                    Mary wollstonecraft Shelley was an English novelist who wrote the gothic novel Frankenstein.

                          Jane Austen was an English novelist known primarily for her six major novels, wich interpret, critique and comment upon the British landed gentry at the end of the 18th century.

Conversation :

This video about conversation between Mary Shelley and Jane Austen. 

 Jane Austen :- hello Merry

 Mary Shelley :-Hello

Jane Austen :- how are you?

Mary Shelley :- I'm fine.. What about you??

 Jane Austen :- I am also Fine. I read your famous novel Frankenstein in now a days.

 Mary Shelley :-Yes, that is good book and i talk in this book about the science experiment.

 Jane Austen :- yes that is strong book. So, that's why people know you as British novelist And also you are short story writer, dramatic, essayist, biographer Writer and you are also best known for your experiment in and have modern ideas. I like your that spirit of writing.

Mary Shelley :-  All right you have lots of information about me great.

Jane Austen :- Ya I read your book and I also wish to meet you one time and today this wish is also complicate.

Mary Shelley :Ohh.! It's pleaser for me, I also want same reader. As like as you.

Jane Austen :- Thank you. But I also want to talk with you more things.

Mary Shelley :- sure you can do this..

Jane Austen :- I feel great talk with for my books.

Mary shelley:I know your such things but if you ask than I also like to know about you.

Jane Austen :- sure I feel proud to do this. I wrote pride and prejudice.

Mary Shelley :-  I some thing know about pride and prejudice it is most famous novel pride and prejudices.

Jane Austen :- yes pride and prejudices is the story of Mr. And Mrs. Bennet and their five unmarried daughters.

Mary shelly :- pride and prejudice is a great story but. I don't read this story and I don't know what the purpose of this story so can you explain this.

Jane Austen :-  In this novel biggins with MR. & Mrs. Bannet and their unmarried five daughters thay live in the estate of longbouurn rn in Hertfordshire.

                      This is intresting sting story about Mr. And Mrs. Bannet you can also read this book this is intresting book. If I told whole story about the book that you can can't have any intrest in Book so you can read this book.

Mary Shelley :- sure, afcors I will read this book. Thank you.

Jane Austen :your welcome.

Mary shelley :- nice to meet you.


Sejal solanki
Hitixa Goswami
                                           

                                         Thank you.....

Workshop on Quality and Authenticity of web Resources

Thinking Activity : Quality and Authenticity of web Resources


November 23, 2019.

Hello readers...
    
              I am share on a workshop about "Quality and Authenticity of web Resources", This workshop organised by Dr. Dilip Barad sir at the Department of English. This workshop based on introduced students to check the Authenticity of web Resources and evaluate them accordingly.

                           Turnitin is the global leader in evaluating and improving student writing. The company's could based service for originality cheeking, online grading and peer review saves instructors time and provides rich feedback to students.

                      What constitutes "research" for students today has come to mean " googling", As a way to addressed this gap in students skills. Turnitin has developed a source evaluation rubric for educators to share with their students.

(1)  Wikipedia :
  

Authoritative - 2 regarded site that has reputable information that is referenced and cited.

Education value - 3  site is a regarded source of content that meets instruction goals.

Intent - 1 site promotes content the goal of the site is not to "inform" users.

Originality - 3  site offers original content and view points.

Quality - 2 site content is of quality and there is some broader content coverage.

                               There are normally all things instructions, I am evaluate of some web sources and three websites. I think about this site has admirable for educational value, originality and quality. So this workshop also good for all learners and now in future we all are research on assignment and PHD theses.

(2) spark notes :

Authoritative - 4 regarded site that is referenced and linked to by others. Information is well - referenced cited and written by author with expertise in the content area.

Education value - 4 site is a leading source of content that exceeds instructions goals.

Intent - 3 site is a well - regarded source of information whose job is to inform.

Originality - 2 site aggregate or repurposed content.

Quality - 4 site content is high quality and enough content is provided to establish good coverage.

(3) Encyclopedia Britannia 

Authorities - 4
Educational value - 4
Intent - 3
Originality - 3
Quality - 2

                                For educational value in this site we find the biography of any auothers. And its also help us to advance educational gols in competitive exam like net or gset etc.

   
                       So, the workshop on Quality and Authenticity of web Resources is very fruitful for us. We all are thankful to Dilip Barad sir who organized this workshop and he explained that how evaluating quality of any web Resources.

                                              Thank you...

Arundhati roy : Thinking activity

Arundhati roy : Thinking activity

Hello Readers! 
                        
                                  I prepare my blog about the famous Indian writer arundhati roy. This task give by Dilip barad sir, Department of English MKBU university

                  Suzanna Arundhati Roy is an Indian author best known for her novel The God of small things, which won the man Booker prize for fiction in 1997 and became the biggest - selling book by a non - expatriate Indian author. She is also a political activist involved in human right and environmental causes.

Works :

                        Roy was awarded the 1997 Booker prize for her novel The God of small Things. The award carried a prize of approximately US$30,000 and that noted, "the book keeps all the promises that it makes.

                       In 2002, she won the Lannan foundation 's cultural freedom award for her work" about civil societies that are adversely affected by the word' s most powerful governments and corporations", in order " to celebrate her life.

                       In 2006, she was awarded the sahitya Akademi award, આ national award from India's academy of letters, for her collection of essays on contemporary issues, The algebra of infinite justice. But she declined to accept it " in protest against the Indian government toeing the us line by 'violently and ruthlessly.
 
                         In November 2011 she was awarded the norman pailler prize for Distinguished writing. Roy was featured in the 2014 list of time 100, the 100 most influential people in the word.

# The God of Small Thing..... 

                               The God of Small Things was written by Indian writer Arundhati Roy in 1097. The novel is about two fraternal twins who reunite us young adults, after family tensions have kept them apart for many year. The novel won the Booker prize in 1997. Their mother, Ammu, takes them to Ayemenem to live with her family.
 
                             The story is set in Ayemenem, now part of Kottayam district in kerala, India, the temporal setting shifts back and forth between 1969,when fraternal twins Rahel and Esthappen are seven year old, and 1993,when the twins are reunited.

                               Though Rahel and Estha are both protagonists of this novel, we get to know Rahel more completely as since we spend significantly more time seeing the world through her eyes. As a child, Rahel exists in a kind of harmony with Estha, her twin brother Who is eighteen minutes her senior. Their personalities seem to balance each other. Esth is serious and earnest, Rahel becomes preoccupied with things and can't seen to sit still. Estha seems to be the better behaved of the two Rahel is the one who hides in the dirty airport curtains when she doesn't want to say hi to sophia mol.

                                We learn that Estha really the only reason she returns. Even though she hasn't seen him in 23 year, we can sense that he's still most important person in her life. Whenever they are close, they don't even have to speak to know the other is there. They still have an innate sense of being completed by each other. This sort of helps explain why Rahel and Estha have sex at the end of the book. Although the idea of incest is really uncomfortable for most readers. Being together makes the two haves a complex whole.

# The Ministry of Utmost Happiness ..... 

                          The Ministry of utmost happiness is the second novel by Indian writer Arundhati roy, published in 2017. The ministry of utmost happiness takes us on an intimate jorny of many years across the Indian subcontinent from the cramped neighbourhoods of old Delhi and the roads of the new city to the mountains and valleys of Kashmir and beyond, where war is peace and peace is war.

                         It is an aching love story and a decisive remonstration, a story told in a whisper, in a shout, Through u sentimental tears and sometimes with a bitter laugh. Each of its characters is indelible. Tenderly rendered. Its heroes are people who have been broken by the world they live in and then rescued. Patched together by acts of love and by hope.

                          As this ravishing, deeply humane novel braids these lives together, it relivents what a novel can do and can be. The ministry of utmost happiness miracle of arundhati Roy's storytelling gifts.

                                            Thank you....