B. A. Colonialist criticism Chinua Achebe

Colonialist criticism 

Hello readers!

                                   Hear I would like to wrote about colonialist criticism by Chinua Achebe. The essay 'colonial criticism' is an attack on a lingering colonialism in the criticism of African writer writes the text or 'they produce literature, their literature goes to European for analysis. Every African literature has to get through the sarcastic remarks of European writers.

Chinua Achebe 

        Chinua Achebe was a Nigerian novelist, poet, professor, and critic. His first novel things fall Apart, often considered book in modern African literature.

Notable works

• The African trilogy
• Things fall Apart 
• Mo longer at Ease
• Arrow of God 
• A main of the people 
• Antilles of the savannah

   Colonialist criticism

                  The word " colonialist" may be deemed inappropriate for two reasons first, it has come to be associated in many minds with that brand of cheap, demagogic and out modent Rhetoric which the colonislist.

                        Achebe sees the faults of colonialist criticism in the assumption that the African writer is "somewhat unfinished European and that somehow outsiders can know Africa better than the native writers. Achebe opposes, the European colonial prejudice, habit of ruling and discriminating other and comparing African people, their literature habit of ruling and discriminating other and comparing African people, their literature, art and culture etc. He argues that African literature should not be judged by the colonialist criticism because it has its own particularly and peculiarity. The mask of European civilization does not know the history of African people. So Achebe 's claim is that blacks should write their own history neglecting what has been already universalized.

                       Achebe says that every text comes out of specific time space and the people. Therefore, every text is related to space. Specific and people specific. African people have experience about racism. African might have made many mistakes, but they didn't bring racism in the world Achebe sustained the idea that " the term universalisam must be vanished".

Conclusion 

                        Achebe says all time European writers cannot criticism the Africans. Even the native writers have noy done anything to uplift the condition of African literature. He says farnestness on the part. Of the native writers is most important to uplift the condition of African literature, only then African literature will get the prestigious status otherwise they will be dominated. 

                                      Thank you... 

B. A. Novel :- The woman of the Brewster place

The women of brewster place

Hello readers!
  

                         Hear I would like to write blog about my B. A. studies novel. The women of Brewster place is a novel by Gloria Naylor that was first published in 1982.The main Theme of this novel is The search for a homes, the hopefulness of migration, the power of personal connections.

About the author 

                                Gloria Naylor was Born in 1950. Naylor was raised in new york by working - class parents. Her mother encouraged her to write when she began to exhibit creative ability at the age of seven. She earned her degree in English from Brooklyn college of the city University of nee york in 1981.

• Her famous work 

1) Linden Hills (1985)
2) Mama Day
3) sapphira wade
4) Bailey's cafe

About the Novel 

                            The women of Brewster place are 'hard - edged, soft - centered brutally demanding, and easily plaesed". Their names are mattie michael, Etta mae Johnson, Lucillea" ciel' Tuener, melanie " kiswana" Browne, cora lee, Loraine, and Theresa, Each of their lives are explored in several short stories These short stories also chronicles the ups and downs many Black women face. 

                  The women explores the lives of both men and women in an urban setting and examines relationships, both in terms of friendship, and romantic love, including homosexual relationships. 

                            Brewster place is a housing development in an annamed city. It serms destined to be an unfortunate place since the people linked to its creation are all corrupt. Brewster place inheritance its last inhabitants. African Americans, many of whom are migrants from the southern hunt of the United state. 

Conclusion 

  

                            So, the ability to connect to another human being is an exential idea throughout the novel, touched upon again and again in every story that unfolds. Matti and Eva's connection is the first in a series of life-atering relationships that have the power to restore hope to an otherwish hopeless situation. Mattie finds Eva shortly after she feels her rundown apartment, Etta finds mattie walting up for her when she is her lowest point, and Loraine finds Ben when it seems as if no one else in the world understands her. 

                                 Thank you... 

   

   

B. A Novel :- Bama's Sangati

Sangati by Bama

                            Hear I would wrote about the novel sangati. Bama's Sangati is a unique Dalit feminist narrative carrying autobiographical elements of the whole community. In the focuses the double oppression of females.

                    Bama walked the first major step of success and popularity with her work, karukku, she witnessed all the hardships of her own paraiyar woman community. Her second work sangati is an ambience of dalit women particularly paraiyars community, it draws a real picture of this community. 

       Sangati means news, events, happenings, and the book is one of the inter connected anecdotes.

                           In sangati Bama is success ful to draw a real picture of growth, decline, cultuyand loveliness of dalit women. She also lays emphasis on the fact that the women of parayar community lead a happy life in time of trouble and depression. All kinds of difficulties of dalit women their boldness and weakness are described by Bama in her sangati.

                              The novel has several individual stories, anecdotes and memories that portray the events taking place. In the life of women in pariyar community in tamilnadu, in sangati the language of dalit women is rich and resourceful giving way to proverbs folklore and folk songs. Bama as a feminist. 

                               In sangati Bama is successful to draw a real picture of growth, decline, culture and liveliness of dalit women. She also lays emphasis on the fact that the women of paraiyar community lead a happy life in time of rouble and depression. All kinds of difficulties of dalit women their boldness and weakness are described by Bama in her sangati. 

Conclusion 

                             In this autobiographical novel, the stories not only explain sorrows, tears, sexual harassment and restless labour of dalit women but also their rebellious nature and their eagerness to face the problem in life. Their self-confidence enables them to overcome adversities of life. The text discussed above can be discussed under the subaltern studies as the features we noticed in the text resembles with the texts that belong to the subaltern category.

       

                                                         Thank you...

B. A. Novel :- Charle and the chocolate factory

Charle and the Chocolate Factory

Hello readers!

                              Hear I would like to write blog about My B. A. studies novel. Charle and the chocolate factory. Charle and the chocolate factory is a 1964 children's novel by Roald Dahl. The story features the adventures of young Charle Bucket inside the chocolate factory of eccentric chocolatier willy wonka.

                        'charle and the chocolate factory' is about the boy charlie who is found of chocolates and who lives near willie worknka chocolate factory. Wonka declares five golden tickets saying that five winner children would be offered free tour to his factory and life - time supply of chocolates, Augustus Gloop, veruea saly, violent Beauregard, mike tea vee and charlie Bucket are winners of the golden tickets. During the tour to the factory, all becomes victim of their obsession except chrlie whom wonka makes the owner of the factory.

About the author

                       Charle and the chocolate factory was written by Roald Dahl. He was a British novelist, short story writer, poet, screenwriter, and fighter pilot. His books have sold mor than 250 million copies worldwide. He rose to prominence in the 1940s with works for both children and adults and he became one of the world's best - selling anthors. Dahl's works for children include.

• James and the Giant peach. 
• Charle and the chocolate factory 
• Matilda
• The witches 
• Fantastic mr Fox
• The BFG
• The Twits 
• George's marvelous medicine 

#'Charle and the chocolate factory 'as a comic novel.

    

                Roald Dahl is a prominent figure in children’s literature of 20th century. He has written the comic novel keeping in mind children as the reader of his work. He has adopted the light comic style while writing the novel. The language used in the novel includes the active vocabulary and the novelist has projected nursery rhymes intermittently throughout the text of the novel. The dominat mood in the novel is that of the mood of the comic. Moreover, the character provide fun through their physical movements and their speeches. 

Conclusion 

  

                       The novel highlights the comic elements throughout the text. Even the outward appearances of the characters are funny. The novelist has introduced the line drawings in the from of caricatures that create laughter among the readers. The novelist uses a mild satire in the comic reference of the novel. The novel is, thus, appropriately called the comic novel. 

                                            Thank you... 

                    

       

Plague - Epidemic Literature

Plague - Epidemic Literature

Hello readers!

                         Here I would like to write blog about Plague - Epidemic Literature. The plague, a novel about a virus that spreads uncontrollably from animals to human and ends up destroying half the population of a representative modern town.

                        As we know that, lockdown period is going on and the meeting of people would be impossible at all, But with the helo of technology everything is possible, and our Department of English always follow process is going on with the help of  technology. So this blog is of our study.

                           We all know that Covid 19 epidemic is going to affect all walks of our lives. Our creative and critical abilities will forever be governed by corona virus Pandemic. It is going to open those areas in creating writing and critical reading of literature which were rather not thought as we were in anesia of Pandemic. 

                             So hear I would wrote about The 1994 Plague in India was an out break of bubonic and plague in south - central and western India. The plague was endemic in populations of infected ground rodents in Asia and was a known canse of death among the migrant and established human populations in that religion for centuries. 

• The plague - Albert camus

               The plague is a novel by Albert camus, published in 1947,that tells the story of a plague sweeping the French Algerian city of oran. It asks a number of questions relating to the nature of destiny and thr human condition.

                    The novel is behaved to be based on the cholera epidemic that killed a large proportion of Oran's population in 1849 following french colonization but the novel is set in the 1940s.The plague is considered an existentialist classic despite camus objection to the label. 

                     In this novel camus put himself directly into the characters of the novel, using three of them in particular to represent his moral perspective. This is the authentic voice of camus and it sketches out the position he would take towerds ideology dogma, political or judicial murder. Camus was thenceforth separated not just from his honeland but also from is mother and his wife.

• Humanity - human self - centerendness vs human sacrifice 

           Albert camus tall about the idea of self centerendness vs human sacrifice. He has put character to justify his points. There is Doctor Bernard Riveux who is performing his duty well. Rieux is a man who faced with suffering and common crisis, does what he must and becomes a leader and an example, not out of heroic courage or careful reasoning. But rather from a sort of necessary optimism. His obsession with his personal suffering makes him indifferent to the larger tragedy. From which he feels quite detached. Dr Riveux does the right thing just because he see clearly what needs doing. These two seems well example of human sacrifice. There is social unrest among these kinds of people.

• Science versus religion - the question of God and religion in times of epidemics and calamities. 

             
                           We all know that The difficulty in approaching the question of the relation and Science is that its education requires that we have in our minds some clear idea of what we meen by either of the terms, 'religion' and 'science'. Mostly during calamities or epidemic times it takes. Another shape. Science has other reason regarding the problems during epidemics and religion. Gave different kind of answers to it. "The plage" we know this kind of conflict when Dr. Rieux has seen death of all diseased people including innocent children.

• Power of politics - fascist forces of 1940s vs surveillance socaity of 2020s.

                          Political power is institutionalized in the form of large scale government bureaucracies. One of the persistent ideas has been that group political power concerns the activities of the states which is not confined to national boundaries. The network of political power can stretch across contries and across the globe.

                      In present time people belives in vorona has something to do with God's rage. This is definitely not the time of listening forecasting by astrologers. But the main problem is that people are living with indifference as if nothing happens. Some people are definitely doing their best to fight with this pandamic.

Work sited 

1). The Plague.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 May 2020, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Plague.

2).Absalom and Achitophel.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 22 Mar. 2020, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absalom_and_Achitophel

Thank you...

             
             
                      

Thinking Activity :- view on marriage system

Thinking Activity :- view on marriage system

Hello readers! 

                     Here I would like to write blog about marriage system. We have task about ask to people about their opinion of marriage. In the novel 'sense and sensibility' we can see the marriage issue. So this task is given given by Hinaba zala proffesor of English Department. 

' sense and sensibility' 

                            
                          'sense and sensibility', novel written by Jane Austen. In this novel published anonymously in three volume in 1811. And that became a classic. 'sense and sensibility revolves around marriage. The novel begins with Elinor and Marianne as unmarried but eligible young woman and only concludes when both of them settle into marriages.

• My opinion about marriage

          

                   According to my opinion about marriage. In Indian culture, marriage is considered a sacrament. Everyone who has to go through it. In my view, marriage is a scared relationship that involves sweetness and love, sorrow and new experiences and adaptations. There is something in the marriage that is the responsibility of the two men to live together. There are two things in all things, happiness and sorrow. The spouse should cooperate and with the situation. 

   

                  Everyone is saying that getting annoyed after marriage. Not one percent is true because such as person does not really understand responsibility or does not havs the ability to take responsibility. 

• People's view on marriage 

                I have got some  opinions of peoples about the marriage and marriage system and also many issues about marriage. 

Hetal Ramani

                       Knowing my opinion about marriage. Marriage is a basic necessity of every society. Every one marries and runs his own family. Love marriage is increasing due to the marriage of the father in the past and today for social media and many other reasons. Although it is not arrange marriage two people understand each other and give life support. I think everyone must marry. 

   

                       In the modern age, the education of women is increasing in the age. So they marry at an older age but marriage is a connection of two souls and prices are not closed. In our scriptures, marriage is also considered a sacrament. 

• Jaydeep Dangar

મારા મત મુજબ લગ્ન એક પ્રકારનું લગ્ન જીવન અથવા સિસ્ટમ છે જેણે યુનિયન બનાવ્યું અથવા પવિત્ર સંબંધ બનાવ્યો.  લગ્ન સિસ્ટમ દ્વારા જોન્ટ પછી બંને પાત્રો ઇચ્છા, બલિદાન, તેમની આદત અથવા જીવનને પરિપૂર્ણ કરવા માટે તૈયાર રહે છે.

 હું માનું છું કે લગ્ન જીવન સારું છે કારણ કે અમારા માતાપિતાને અનુભવ છે અથવા તેઓ તે રીતે પસાર થઈ ગયા છે તેથી તેઓ તેમના બાળકો વિશે ક્યારેય ખરાબ વિચારતા નથી તેથી તેઓ તેમના બાળકો માટે તે પ્રકારનું પાત્ર પસંદ કરે છે જે આપણા માટે ભવિષ્યમાં યોગ્ય હોઈ શકે.

 પ્રેમ લગ્નમાં કોઈક વાર લોકો પ્રેમ વિશે બરાબર સમજી શકતા નથી કારણ કે પ્રેમ અને શારીરિક આકર્ષણ વચ્ચે નાના તફાવત હોય છે તેથી યુવાનની ઉંમરે તેઓ સામાન્ય રીતે શારીરિક આકર્ષણ દ્વારા પાત્ર પસંદ કરે છે પણ પ્રેમ દ્વારા નહીં.  લવ મેરેજ પછી તેમની પૂર્ણ મહત્વાકાંક્ષા, તેઓ દરેકને ધિક્કારે છે કારણ કે તેઓ પ્રેમ શું છે તે સમજી શકતા નથી.

• Nishant Goswami 

In India we know that from ancient time our marriage system is ruined because of many reason dowery system is one example of themPeople in India ask for huge amount of dowery which spoils the marriage of individual Second thing since we are living in modern society people are well educated but then also girls have less freedom they are forcefully get married after 12th which is very bad at least if they complete graduation then they can be self independent and they can survive individually in the society.See marriage system in India is in very bad situation still.Specially for girls.

So hear I found some opinion on marriage system. View's on married and unmarried people. 

                                 Thank you... 

Paper - 8 cultural studies assignment

• Paper :- 8 cultural studies

• Name :- Hitixa Goswami

• Class :- M. A. Sam 2

• Roll No :- 8

• Enrollment No :- 2069108420200013

• Subject :Cultural studies

• Assignment Topic :- Five types of cultural studies

• Email:- hitixagoswami28@gamil

• Submitted to :-S.B.GARDI, Department of English Bhavnagar University

• World :-1212

Introduction

                         Culture is the world which is next to impossible to describe in one word. Culture is something which reflects in your identity. In dictionary cultural means the art, customs, lifestyles, background and habits that characterize a particular society or nation. It we go deeper in meaning of cultural studies than we find that culture cultural studies is an academic field of critical theory and literary criticism initially introduced by British academic in 1964 and subsequently adopted by allied academic through out the world. 

• Definition of culture 

           “ culture is the abstract, learned, shared rules and standards for generating behavior and understanding experience”

• Definition of cultural studies 

                  “ cultural studies is an innovative interdisciplinary field of research and teaching that investigates the ways in which ‘culture’ creates and transform individual experiences, everyday life, social relations and power”

                            Culture is mad by different types of group of people, defined by every thing from language, religion, food, social lifestyle, music and arts. Today, In the United States as in other countries populated largely by immigrants, the culture is made by the many groups of people who are leading the country, and there are some types of culture like, 

• Five types of cultural studies 

             There are five types of cultural studies. Now let’s chek it out that how these five types of cultural studies differs from the other one.

1. British cultural materialism

2. New Historicism 

3. American multiculturalism 

4. Post modernism and popular culture 

5. Post colonial studies. 

1. British cultural materialism 

       

                        Cultural studies is referred to as “cultural materialism” in Britain, and it has a long tradition. In the later nineteenth century Matthew Arnold sought to redefine the “ givens of British culture. 

     

                       Cultural materialism began in earnest in the 1950s with the work of F. R. Leavis heavily influence by Matthew Arnold’s analysis of bourgeois culture. Centralism says that the best way to understanding human culture is to examine material condition cultural materialism makes analysis based in critical theory in the tradition of Frankfurt school. 

                     Cultural studies also turned to the more humanized and even spiritual insights of the great students of Rabelais and Dostoevsky, In modern Britain two trajectories for “culture “developed one led back to the Dast and the feudal hierarchies that ordered community in the past : here, culture acted in its sacred function as preservation of the past cultural materialism also complete whole whose includes knowledge, belief or morals.

2. New Historicism 

   

                              New Historicism Is a school of literary theory which consolidates critical theory into easier forms of practice for academic literary theoriest of the 1905 it first developed in the 1980s. Primarily though the work of the critic Stephen Greenblatt, and gained widespread influence in the following decade. 

   

                        New Historicism is often criticized for lacking a group of historiography as practiced by professional historians As a postmodern from of historiography, new historicism denies the grand narrative of modernity, often taking relativist stance which deny scientific trans historical concept or social forms.  

“ The text is historical, and history textual”

 “ History is always historicized” 

- Michael warner phrases

         

                    Much new historicism focuses on the marginalization of subjects such as those identified as withes, the insane, heretics, vagabonds, and political prisoners. New Historicist seek “surprising coincidence” that may cross generic, historical and cultural lines in borrowings of metaphor ceremony or popular culture. H Aram verse introducing an anthropology of essays, the new historicism noted some keys assumption that continuously reappears in new historicists discourse. 

3. American multiculturalism

   

                   First we know what is multiculturalism?

“ multiculturalism is involving or relating to several ethnic groups or cultural groups within a society. It includes people who have many different beliefs and customs. It could be designed for cultures of different races”.

                     As a philosophy, multiculturalism began as part of the pragmatism movement at the end of the 19th  century in Europe and the United States. American multiculturalism was come into existence in 1964 with the passing civil right Act.

              In literary Field American existence with different culture which belongs to different idea about literature cultural studies, regarding American with other culture and then their production of literary forms also. Cultural studies regards four writers from different culture whose concerns with American literary field.

4. Post modernism and popular culture

Post modernism

                              The term ‘postmodernism ‘ first entered the philosophical lexicon in 1979.with the publication of the post modern condition by jean – Francisco Lyotard. The term usually applied to the period in literature and literary Theory since the 1960s.though some regard post mordenism as tge prevailing intellectual mood since world war – 2 ended in 1945.

  

              Post modernism borrows from modernism disillusionment with the givens of society : a penchant for irony, A key theme is the notion of post modernity as a space for social change and political potential. McRobbie explore everyday life as a site of immense social and psychic completely to wich she argues that cutural studies scholars.

Popular culture 

                       Popular culture is the totally of ideas, perspectives, attitudes, memes, images and other phenomena that are preferred by an informal consequences within the mainstream of a given culture, popular culture is the media, products, and attitude considered to be part of the mainstream of a given culture and the everyday life of common people. Studing media culture is not only to focus on the ‘cultural aspect’ of any media but also paying attention to the economics of media.

                              This term it is also known as pop culture so the term ‘popular culture’ was coined in the 19th century traditionally, the term has denoted the education and general “culturedness” of the lower clases, as opposed to the “official culture “ and higher education emanated by the dominant class.

5. Post colonial studies

                 So far as my reading concerned about this study of post colonial we can say that it is against colonialism because colonialism came into existence at the beginning of the century. At first glance postcolonial studies would seem to be a matter of history and political science, rather than literary criticism British seemed to foster in its political institutions as well as in its political institutions as well as in literature universal ideas for proper living, while at the same time perpetuating the violent enslavement of Africans and other imperialist cruelties around the world, causing untold misery and destroying millions of lives.

                         Therefore we can say that all cultural studies passess its own value by its culture. Thus, postcolonial studies opposite to colonial studies, it studies beyond to colonial studies. 

Conclusion 

    

              So, cultural studies we can find five types of cultural studies. Which were helps to recognize the different communities and histories. Cultural studies exists which particular ideas which shows particular cultural words. Some times popular culture can so overtake and repackage a literary work that it is impossible to reads the original text without references to the many layers of cultural studies 

Works Cited 

 Wilfred, Guerin.A Handbook of Critical Approches to Literature. Fifth Edition.Oxford University Press, 2005, 1966.

https://www.encyclopedia.com/philosophy-and-religion/other-religious-beliefs-and-general-terms/miscellaneous-religion/cultural-studies

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.livescience.com/amp/21478-what-is-culture-definition-of-culture.html

                  Thank you..